1
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Introduction
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1.1 |
Introduction
to Composite Materials |
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1.1.1 |
Classification
of Composite Materials |
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1.1.2 |
Fiber-Reinforced
Composite Materials |
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1.2 |
Properties
of Laminated Composites |
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1.2.1 |
Material
Orthotropy |
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1.2.2 |
Rule
of Mixtures, Complementation, and Interaction |
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1.2.3 |
Laminate
Definition |
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1.3 |
Design
of Composite Laminates |
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1.3.1 |
Historical
Perspective |
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1.3.2 |
Material-Related
Design Issues |
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1.4 |
Design
Optimization |
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1.4.1 |
Mathematical
Optimization |
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1.4.2 |
Stacking
Sequence Optimization |
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2
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Mechanics of Laminated
Composite Materials
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2.1 |
Governing
Equations for Elastic Medium |
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2.1.1 |
Strain-Displacement
Relations |
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2.1.2 |
Stress-Strain
Relations |
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2.1.3 |
Equilibrium
Equations |
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2.2 |
In-Plane
Response of Isotropic Layer(s) |
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2.2.1 |
Plane
Stress |
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2.2.2 |
Single
Isotropic Layer |
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2.2.3 |
Symmetrically
Laminated Layers |
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2.3 |
Bending
Deformations of Isotropic Layer(s) |
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2.3.1 |
Bending
Response of a Single Layer |
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2.3.2 |
Bending
Response of Symmetrically Laminated Layers |
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2.3.3 |
Bending-Extension
Coupling of Unsymmetrically Laminated Layers |
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2.4 |
Orthotropic
Layers |
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2.4.1 |
Stress-Strain
Relations for Orthotropic Layers |
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2.4.2 |
Orthotropic
Layers Oriented at an Angle |
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2.4.3 |
Laminates
of Orthotropic Plies |
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2.4.4 |
Elastic
Properties of Composite Laminates |
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2.5 |
Properties
of Laminates Made of Sublaminates |
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3
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Hygrothermal Analysis of
Laminated Composites
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3.1 |
Hygrothermal
Behavior of Composite Laminates |
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3.1.1 |
Temperature
and Moisture Diffusion in Composite Laminates |
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3.1.2 |
Hygrothermal
Deformations |
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3.1.3 |
Residual
Stress |
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3.1.4 |
Hygrothermal
Laminate Analysis and Hygrothermal Loads |
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3.1.5 |
Coefficients
of Hygrothermal Laminate Expansion |
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3.2 |
Laminate
Analysis for Combined Mechanical and Hygrothermal Loads |
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3.3 |
Hygrothermal
Design Considerations |
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4
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Laminate In-Plane
Stiffness Design
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4.1 |
Design
Optimization Problem Formulation |
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4.1.1 |
Design
Formulation of In-Plane Stiffness Problem |
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4.1.2 |
Mathematical
Optimization Formulation |
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4.2 |
Graphical
Solution Procedures |
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4.2.1 |
Optimization
of Orientations of Layers |
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4.2.2 |
Graphical
Design of Coefficients of Thermal Expansion |
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4.2.3 |
Optimization
of Stack Thicknesses |
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4.3 |
Dealing
with the Discreteness of the Design Problem |
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5
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Integer Programming
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5.1 |
Integer
Linear Programming |
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5.2 |
In-Plane
Stiffness Design as a Linear Integer Programming Problem |
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5.3 |
Solution
of Integer Linear Programming Problems |
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5.3.1 |
Enumeration |
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5.3.2 |
Branch-and-Bound
Algorithm |
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5.4 |
Genetic
Algorithms |
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5.4.1 |
Design
Coding |
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5.4.2 |
Initial
Population |
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5.4.3 |
Selection
and Fitness |
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5.4.4 |
Crossover |
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5.4.5 |
Mutation |
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5.4.6 |
Permutation,
Ply Addition, and Deletion |
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5.4.7 |
Computational
Cost and Reliability |
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6
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Failure Criteria for
Laminated Composites
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6.1 |
Failure
Criteria for Isotropic Layers |
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6.1.1 |
Maximum
Normal Stress Criterion |
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6.1.2 |
Maximum
Strain Criterion |
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6.1.3 |
Maximum
Shear Stress (Tresca) Criterion |
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6.1.4 |
Distortional
Energy (von Mises) Criterion |
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6.2 |
Failure
of Fiber-Reinforces Orthotropic Layers |
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6.2.1 |
Maximum
Stress and Maximum Strain Criteria |
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6.2.2 |
Tsai-Hill
Criterion |
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6.2.3 |
Tsai-Wu
Criterion |
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6.3 |
Failure
of Laminated Composites |
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6.3.1 |
Failure
under In-Plane Loads |
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6.3.2 |
Failure
under Bending Loads |
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7
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Strength Design of
Laminates
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7.1 |
Graphical
Strength Design |
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7.1.1 |
Design
for Specified Laminate Strain Limits |
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7.1.2 |
Design
of Laminates with Two-Fiber Orientations |
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7.1.3 |
Design
of Multiple-Ply Laminates with Discrete Fiber Orientations |
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7.2 |
Numerical
Strength Optimization Using Continuous Variables |
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7.2.1 |
Strength
Design with Thickness Design Variables |
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7.2.2 |
Strength
Design with Orientations Angle Design Variables |
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7.3 |
Numerical
Strength Optimization Using Discrete Variables |
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7.3.1 |
Integer
Linear Programming for Strength Design |
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7.3.2 |
Genetic
Algorithms for Strength Design |
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8
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Laminate Design for
Flexural and Combined Response
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8.1 |
Flexural
Response Equations |
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8.2 |
Stiffness
Design by Miki's Graphical Procedure |
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8.2.1 |
Linear
Problems |
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8.2.2 |
Changes
in Stacking Sequence |
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8.2.3 |
Nonlinear
Problems |
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8.3 |
Flexural
Stiffness Design by Integer Linear Programming |
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8.3.1 |
Ply-Identity
and Stack-Identity Design Variables |
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8.3.2 |
Stiffness
Design with Fixed Thickness |
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8.3.3 |
Buckling
Load Maximization with Stiffness and Strength Constraints |
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8.3.4 |
Stiffness
Design for Minimum Thickness |